- The Expression of G1-S Cell Cycle Inhibitors in Normal Placenta and Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases.
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Yan Hua Xuan, Kyung Hee Kim, Yoon La Choi, Geung hwan Ahn, Seoung Wan Chae, Ho chang Lee, Ok Jun Lee, Seok Hyung Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(2):67-74.
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 Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
The objective of this study is to determine the expression pattern of G1-S inhibitor molecules in normal trophoblasts and gestational trophoblastic diseases, including hydatidiform moles and choriocarcinoma.
METHODS
A total of 157 cases comprising 47 normal placentas and 110 gestational trophoblastic diseases such as choriocarcinoma (19 cases) and hydatidiform moles (91 cases of which 58 were complete, 12 were partial and 21 were invasive mole) were immunohistochemically analyzed on paraffin blocks using anti-p21, antip27, anti-p16, anti-p53, anti-pRb antibodies.
RESULTS
The results revealed that in the normal placenta, all the G1-S cell cycle inhibitors were maximally expressed by the first-trimester trophoblasts and these levels decreased with gestational age. The expression of p21 and p53 was greatly enhanced in the gestational trophoblastic diseases, particularly in invasive mole and choriocarcinoma, whereas the p27 expression was significantly downregulated in choriocarcinoma. Especially, Rb expression was typically enhanced in the invasive mole, but not in choriocarcinoma.
The expression level of p16 was low in all the cases, and particularly in choriocarcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, we demonstrated that the expression of G1/S cell cycle inhibitors correlates well with normal trophoblast differentiation, and these expressions are considerably altered in the gestational trophoblastic diseases, including complete/partial/ invasive hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma.
- Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Case Report.
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Kyung Hee Kim, Dae Young Kang, Min Koo Lee, Hyeon Woong Yang, Hyun Young Han
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Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(4):306-310.
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- We report here on an unusual case of a 73-year-old Korean female with sarcomatoid carcinoma. This tumor was composed of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and a malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like stroma. The CT imaging revealed a multiseptated heterogenous hypodense mass that was 15 cm in size. The mass was located in the body and tail of the pancreas, spleen and gastrosplenic area. The pathologic examination showed that the carcinomatous component was negative for vimentin, and the sarcomatous component was positive for vimentin and CD 68. The ultrastructural examination showed that both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components had desmosomes at the cell-cell contact sites. The patient refused postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and she died of cachexia with generalized tumor extension about 3 months later. This report presents special data that can clarify the clinicopathological features and pathogenesis of this rare neoplasm.
- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors associated with Neurofibromatosis Type I: A Report of Two Cases.
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Joo Heon Kim, Ock Seong In, Seong Kyu Lee, Haing Woon Baik, Seong Ho Kim, Dong Wook Kang, Kyung Hee Kim, Mee Ja Park, Yong Il Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(2):137-141.
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- Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common non-epithelial neoplasm arising in the gastrointestinal tract, but this tumor is rarely seen in association with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-1). We report here on two cases of multiple GISTs of the small intestine that occurred in NF-1 patients. We also analyzed the mutations of c-kit exons 9, 11, 13 and 17 and the plateletderived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) exons 12 and 18 in two GIST patients. Histologically, the NF-1-associated GISTs were similar to those of non-the NF-1 GISTs, but they characteristically revealed hyperplastic interstitial cells of Cajal around the GISTs. Immunohistochemically, these tumors showed strong co-expressions of CD117 and CD34. The molecular genetic analysis of the GISTs showed that all of the c-kit and PDGFRA exons that were analyzed in the GISTs of the two patients were the wild-type, suggesting a limited role for the c-kit and PDGFRA mutations in the tumorigenesis of NF-1-associated GISTs.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Mature Cystic Teratoma of the Ovary: a Report of Six Cases and Immunohistochemistry of the p53 Protein and p21WAF1/CIP1.
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Kyung Hee Kim, Kwang Sun Suh, Joo Heon Kim, Dong Wook Kang, Dong Hoon Kim, Seong Ho Kim, Jong Ho Back, Mee Ja Park
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Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(5):316-319.
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Abstract
- BACKGROUND
Mature cystic teratoma is a common type of ovarian tumor. Although squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common carcinoma in malignant transformations of ovarian mature cystic teratomas, SCC arising in a mature teratoma is rare.
METHODS
This paper reports four cases of invasive SCC, a case of an adenosquamous cell carcinoma and a case of a pure in situ SCC arising in a mature cystic teratoma including a clinicopathological evaluation and an immunohistochemical study of the p53 protein and p21WAF1/CIP1.
RESULTS
The mean age of the patients was 60 years. The sizes of the mature cystic teratomas in all cases were greater than 7.5 cm in the largest diameter. Five cases showed the nuclear accumulation of the p53 protein with no p21WAF1/CIP1 immunoreactivity. The other case showed the nuclear accumulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 without p53 expression.
There was a significant inverse relationship between the p53 protein level and p21WAF1/CIP1 expression.
CONCLUSION
A clinicopathological evaluation showed that a SCC arising from a mature cystic teratoma must be included in a differential diagnosis when the patient is over 42 years of age and the size of a mature cystic teratoma is greater than 75 mm in the largest diameter. It is suggested that p53 overexpression is implicated in the malignant transformation, and the p21WAF1/CIP1 expression level is dependent on alterations in the level of the p53 protein in these tumors.
- Clonality Study in Carcinosarcomas and Malignant Mixed Epithelial Tumors.
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Eun Jung Park, Yoo Duk Choi, Jong Hee Nam, Min Cheol Lee, Chang Soo Park, Sang Woo Juhng, In Seon Choi, Kyung Hee Kim, Chan Choi
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Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(4):205-211.
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Tumors are usually considered to be clonal progeny of single transformed cells. Carcinosarcomas and malignant mixed epithelial tumors are examples where controversies exist regarding the singularity or multiplicity of their cell of origin.
METHODS
The authors examined the clonality of carcinosarcomas (7 cases) and malignant mixed epithelial tumor (5 cases) in female patients by X-chromosome inactivation as a marker. Each component of the tumors were picked up by the laser capture microscope. The polymorphic exon 1 CAG trinucleotide repeat in the X-linked human androgen receptor (HUMARA) gene was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction before and after treatment of the methylation-sensitive endonuclease HpaII.
RESULTS
Eleven cases were informative for clonality determination. Six out of seven carcinosarcomas and three out of four malignant mixed epithelial tumors revealed the same patterns of X-chromosome inactivation, which suggests that they are monoclonal. In contrast, the patterns of X-chromosome inactivation were different between the two tumor components in each cases of carcinosarcoma and malignant mixed epithelial tumor, indicating that they are of polyclonal origin.
CONCLUSIONS
These observations show that although most of carcinosarcomas and malignant mixed epithelial tumors are of monoclonal origin, some of them are of polyclonal origin.
This finding suggests that these tumors are genuinely polyclonal, and that they originated in the neoplastic transformation of more than one somatic cells
- Urinary Cytologic Findings of Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Case Report.
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Dong Hoon Kim, Dong Wook Kang, Kyung Hee Kim, Ju Heon Kim, Mee Ja Park
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Korean J Cytopathol. 2002;13(2):78-83.
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- We report the cytologic features of a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with high grade transitional cell and signet ring cell carcinomatous components. A 64-year-old male presented with gross hematuria for one week. Computed tomography revealed an ill-defined mass in the left lateral wall of the urinary bladder. Urinary cytology showed hypercellularity with predominantly isolated single cells and clustered cells.
They have scanty cytoplasm and naked hyperchromatic nuclei with finely granular nuclear chromatin and rare nucleoli.
The tumor cells occurred predominantly singe cells, but a few in clusters. Nuclear molding was prominent. No glandular formation or nesting was noted. The second tumor cells had high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, irregular nuclear membrane, and coarse granular chromatin. The background was inflamed and necrotic. The histologic findings of transurethral resection were mainly composed of small cell carcinoma, and partly transitional cell and signet ring cell carcinomatous components. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma have distinctive cytologic features to make a proper diagnosis.
- Apoptosis in Rat Thymus after Bolus Intramuscular Injection of 5-Fluorouracil.
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Kyung Hee Kim, Hae Joung Sul, Dae Young Kang
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Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(6):413-418.
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Abstract
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- We induced apoptosis in normal rats by intramuscular injection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and immunohistochemically evaluated the thymus for the TdT-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labelling on the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 15th and 21st days following the bolus intramuscular injection. The injections of 5-FU induced a greater extent of apoptosis in the thymus. In the thymus, a mild increase in apoptosis was observed 24 hours after injection. The greatest number of apoptotic cells were seen at 72 hours. The size of the thymus decreased and the cortex thinned with hypocellularity. The injection of 5-FU caused massive cell loss in the thymus. Most apoptotic cells were scattered in the cortex and lower levels of apoptosis were also observed in the medulla. After 72 hours, the level of apoptosis returned to the control level.
Considering the above results, we think that 5-FU induced toxicity may be related to 5-FU induced apoptosis in normal tissue, especially the thymus.
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